{"id":2182,"date":"2024-03-04T22:39:30","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T21:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/?page_id=2182"},"modified":"2026-03-10T11:46:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T10:46:09","slug":"sv-f-1-1-organisation-des-genomes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/sv-f-1-1-organisation-des-genomes\/","title":{"rendered":"SV-F-1-1 Organisation des g\u00e9nomes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2182\" class=\"elementor elementor-2182\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25df66a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25df66a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ee9ed0\" data-id=\"6ee9ed0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d010b49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d010b49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Capture-decran-2023-11-06-225037-300x218.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1948\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Capture-decran-2023-11-06-225037-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Capture-decran-2023-11-06-225037-768x558.png 768w, https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Capture-decran-2023-11-06-225037-360x262.png 360w, https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Capture-decran-2023-11-06-225037.png 797w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-abe5938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"abe5938\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ecda5b\" data-id=\"0ecda5b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59bd5ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59bd5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Extrait du B.O.:<\/p><p>L&#8217;ensemble des mol\u00e9cules d&#8217;ADN contenues dans une cellule et l\u2019information qu\u2019elles portent constitue son g\u00e9nome. L\u2019\u00e9tude des g\u00e9nomes passe par une panoplie de techniques dites de biologie mol\u00e9culaire. Des techniques de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age permettent de d\u00e9terminer la s\u00e9quence d\u2019un fragment d\u2019ADN puis de proche en proche la s\u00e9quence des g\u00e9nomes.<\/p><p>L\u2019utilisation d\u2019outils bioinformatiques permet d\u2019identifier les diff\u00e9rents types de s\u00e9quences codantes et non codantes.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Chez les bact\u00e9ries, le g\u00e9nome \u00e0 localisation cytoplasmique est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019un chromosome circulaire et \u00e9ventuellement de plasmides. Le g\u00e9nome des bact\u00e9ries est constitu\u00e9 presque exclusivement de r\u00e9gions codantes. Certaines sont associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des r\u00e9gions r\u00e9gulatrices communes ce qui forme des op\u00e9rons.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Chez les Eucaryotes, on distingue le g\u00e9nome nucl\u00e9aire et le g\u00e9nome des organites. Le g\u00e9nome nucl\u00e9aire est constitu\u00e9 de chromosomes lin\u00e9aires.<\/p><p>L\u2019ADN nucl\u00e9aire des Eucaryotes est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des prot\u00e9ines dont des histones, constituant la chromatine. Il existe diff\u00e9rents niveaux de condensation de la chromatine.<\/p><p>Le g\u00e9nome nucl\u00e9aire des Eucaryotes comporte une part importante de s\u00e9quences non codantes aux r\u00f4les divers. La majorit\u00e9 de ces s\u00e9quences est r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e. Les g\u00e8nes Eucaryotes sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement morcel\u00e9s.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Les virus ou particules virales sont des entit\u00e9s nucl\u00e9oprot\u00e9iques comprenant un acide nucl\u00e9ique (sous forme d\u2019ADN ou d\u2019ARN) constituant le g\u00e9nome viral, et des prot\u00e9ines.\u00a0 On distingue des prot\u00e9ines \u00e0 r\u00f4le structural, formant la capside, et parfois des prot\u00e9ines \u00e0 r\u00f4le enzymatique. Les virus sont tr\u00e8s divers et poss\u00e8dent parfois une enveloppe lipoprot\u00e9ique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb6e96d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb6e96d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235564f\" data-id=\"235564f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5e598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f5e598\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a642381 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a642381\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60e857c\" data-id=\"60e857c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cbb7c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8cbb7c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div style=\"width: 100%;\"><div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 0; height: 0;\"><iframe title=\"_histoire_adn\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/view.genial.ly\/648abf5d24806900129be765\" type=\"text\/html\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" allownetworking=\"all\"><\/iframe> <\/div> <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8bea72d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8bea72d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44820bc\" data-id=\"44820bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f278dc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f278dc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div style=\"width: 100%;\"><div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 0; height: 0;\"><iframe title=\"S\u00e9quen\u00e7age-ADN_S_Dalaine\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/view.genial.ly\/648abf7c24806900129be7d9\" type=\"text\/html\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" allownetworking=\"all\"><\/iframe> <\/div> <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Extrait du B.O.: L&#8217;ensemble des mol\u00e9cules d&#8217;ADN contenues dans une cellule et l\u2019information qu\u2019elles portent constitue son g\u00e9nome. L\u2019\u00e9tude des g\u00e9nomes passe par une panoplie de techniques dites de biologie mol\u00e9culaire. Des techniques de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age permettent de d\u00e9terminer la s\u00e9quence&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/sv-f-1-1-organisation-des-genomes\/\" class=\"more-link\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2182","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.9.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SV-F-1-1 Organisation des g\u00e9nomes - Bienvenue sur le site de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/svt-dalaine.fr\/svt\/sv-f-1-1-organisation-des-genomes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SV-F-1-1 Organisation des g\u00e9nomes - Bienvenue sur le site de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Extrait du B.O.: L&#8217;ensemble des mol\u00e9cules d&#8217;ADN contenues dans une cellule et l\u2019information qu\u2019elles portent constitue son g\u00e9nome. L\u2019\u00e9tude des g\u00e9nomes passe par une panoplie de techniques dites de biologie mol\u00e9culaire. 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L\u2019\u00e9tude des g\u00e9nomes passe par une panoplie de techniques dites de biologie mol\u00e9culaire. 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